The J-1 is the first launch vehicle in Japan to be developed by combining existing rockets. It combines the solid rocket booster (SRB) of the H-2, developed by NASDA, with the upper stage of the M-3S II developed by the ISAS. NASDA had hoped that using existing systems would provide a short development period and a low cost launch vehicle.  In the end, this did not happen.  After a report by the Management and Coordination Agency showed that the J-1 development program cost more than similar projects in other countries, NASDA decided to discontinue the current J-1 program. There will be one more flight of the J-1 in the summer of 2001.

NASDA has set its sites on developing a more capable rocket using less expensive parts imported from overseas. This J-1 Upgrade (J-1A) launch vehicle is currently under study and will demonstrate state-of-the-art space transportation technologies required for future Reusable Launch Vehicles as well as to meet the demands for small and medium sized satellites. The J-1A vehicle, which employs a single Russian NK-33 first stage engine and Lockheed Martin Atlas derived tanks, will be able to place approximately 7,700 lbs into a 31 degree inclination, 100 nmi orbit and 2200 lbs into a sun-synchronous orbit. The first test flight is planned for 2003.